Kajian residu antibiotik pada hati ayam di kota Yogyakarta=Study on Antibiotics in Chicken Liver in Yogyakarta

The objectives of this study was to reveal the prevalence of antibiotics residues, namely penicilline, macrolide, aminoglycoside and tetracycline groups, in the liver of chickens sold in traditional markets in the city of Yogyakarta. A total of 65 liver samples were taken proportionally by means of simple random sampling from 6 traditional markets in the city. The samples were qualitatively examined in the Disease Investigation Center in Wates, Yogyakarta. Factors studied included the breed of the chickens (broilers, culled layers and native chickens), slaughter facilities, the origin of the chickens and the location of the market. The result showed that the prevalence of the antibiotic residues in the city of Yogyakarta was respectively 29,23 % for penicillin, 36,92% for macrolide, 1.54% for aminoglycoside, and 26.15% for tetracycline. The chi-square (c2) test showed that the variable of species gave a significant difference frequency of the antibiotic residue of penicillin (c2 = 6.16, P=0.0460) and macrolide (c2 = 8.47, P=0.0144). Meanwhile the variable of market location gave a significant difference frequency of the antibiotic residue of penicillin (c2 =11.28, P=0.0461). The variable of slaughtering house, and the chicken liver source didn\u27t give significant difference frequency, indicated by P>0.05 and smaller value for the chi-square (c2). Key words : the chicken liver -antibiotic residue - Yogyakart

Prevalensi Dan Faktor Resiko Penyakit Footrot Pada Sapi Perah Di Kabupaten Sleman

Kajian epidemiologis penyakit footrot telah dilaksanakan terhadap 769 ekor sapi perah dari 193 peternak di kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Prosedur pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan kombinasi antara sampling tiga tahapan dan klaster, yaitu Kecamatan, Desa, dan peternak. Hewan dikatakan positif footrot klinis, apabila menunjukkan adanya kerusakan jaringan antara belahan kuku, ada atau tidaknya bengkak dan pincang. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksli 1) prevalensi penyakit footrot pada sapi perah di kabupaten Sleman, dan 2) mendeteksi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan prevalensi penyakit pada ternak sapi perah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi footrot klinis pada tingkat peternak adalah sebesar 12,9%(25/193). Pada tingkat petemak faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penyakit adalah drainase(p<0,01), pengalaman beternak (p<0,01), umbaran(p <0,01), p otong kuku (p<0,05), kebersihan kandang (p<0,05), dan jumlah kepemilikan(p<0,01). Faktor-faktor lain seperti pendidikan, pengetahuan footrot, permukaan kandang dan lantai kandang tidak berasosiasi terhadap terjadinya footrot klinis

Herd Immunity Against Rabies Among Dogs in Ambon

The objectives of this study were to reveals factors associated with level of herd immunity against rabies. Four hundred and eighteen blood samples were collected from five subdistricts and 14 villages using stratified and household cluster methods. The result in ELISA test is ≥ 0,5 IU/ml, dog titers sample was stated as protective to rabies. The result showed that the prevalence of protective antibody titers was very low i.e. 3.35%. Linear regression analysis reveals subdistrict of Nusaniwe, subdistrict of Baguala, dog owner education, post-vaccination period of 0 - 6 months, sex, and dogs kept as a guard house contribute to protective level of antibody titers. Unweighted logistic regression revealed that subdistrict of Baguala (OR = 0.05), subdistrict of Sirimau (OR = 0.09), dog kept as a guard house (OR = 3.96), dog owner education (OR = 12.29), and post-vaccination period of 0 - 6 months (OR = 27.08) are significantly associated with dog\u27s immunity . V accination programs need to be improved by considering the four factors that emerged in these two regression results.Keywords : rabies, level of dog\u27s immunity , ELISA, Ambon, post-vaccinatio

Prevalensi Tikus Terinfeksi Leptospira Interogans Di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah

Leptospirosis­is­a­zoonosis.­The­disease­is­often­found­in­urban­areas,­especially­the­frequent­flooding.­Humansinfected­with­Leptospira­bacteria­through­water­or­soil­contaminated­with­urine­or­body­fluids­of­the­hostreservoir. Rats are the reservoir host of leptospirosis. This study aims to determine the population of mice infected with Leptospira and interactions between patients with suspected leptospirosis with rats Semarang, Central­Java.­In­addition­it­also­conducted­in­mice­Leptospira­serovar­identification­in­Semarang,­CentralJava. This type of research is potonglintang (cross­sectional). Observation at home and living environment 68 cases of leptospirosis.Catching mice using live traps some 100 pieces.Trapper inside and outside the house for­3­days.­Mice­that­were­caught­were­identified­and­taken­to­determine­blood­serum­test­leptospira­serovarMAT. The whole 68 cases of leptospirosis Hospital in Semarang has a history of interaction with the rats. 86Vektora Volume 7 Nomor 2, Oktober 2015: 85 - 92Prevalence of mice infected with the bacteria leptospira for sewer rat (R. norvegicus) 33.43% and the house mouse (R. tanezumi)­13.69%.­Leptospira­serovar­identified­in­rats­(R. norvegicus) is Djasiman (40.55% of 27 animals), Icterohaemorhagie (22.22%), autumnalis (20.35) and Bataviae (16.68%). While at the house mouse (R. tanezumi)­can­be­identified­serovar­autumnalis­(66.67%­of­3­tail)­and­Bataviae­(33.33%).­This­showsthat rats are an important reservoir of leptospirosis. This study shows that rats (R. norvegicus) and mice (R. tanezumi) has great potential to be a vector of transmission of the bacteria Leptospira in Semarang

Analyzing procedural equity in government-led community-based forest management

Participatory approaches to forest management have been promoted as a means of returning rights historically removed, and as a way of managing natural resources sustainably, fairly, and to improve livelihoods in communities. Top-down models of community-based forest management take the perspective that if people feel ownership over, have a voice in decisions about, and can benefit from surrounding ecosystems, then they will be motivated to maintain and protect them. However, even participatory approaches, such as community-based forest management, may not always result in clear positive outcomes for involvement in decision making and forest conservation. We examine whether an Indonesian government initiative for community-based forest management was positively associated with community members' participation in local decision making and support for conservation and sustainable management of forest resources, in the context of state-owned lands. We used household questionnaire data to compare villages with and without a community forest, and community forests over time in a case study region of West Kalimantan. Analyzing forest visitations, conservation support, and indicators of procedural equity, we found no consistent association between having a community forest and higher levels of participation in decision making or household support for forest conservation. However, well-being indicators were positively associated with more active participation. The level of support for forest conservation was also positively related to households' leadership in village institutions and higher levels of well-being, particularly subjective well-being, land tenure, and material wealth. These social-demographic factors are important considerations when designing and implementing community-based forest management, which strives for fair and just decision-making processes along with forest conservation. The findings highlight how existing socioeconomic contexts factor into local institutions, and that accounting for these in program design and implementation may help address existing social inequalities that influence achieving joint social and ecological objectives

Conservation Status and Threat Assessments for North American Crop Wild Relatives

Conservation status and threat assessments evaluate species’ relative risks of extinction globally, regionally, nationally, or locally and estimate the degree to which populations of species are already safeguarded in existing conservation systems, with the aim of exposing the critical gaps in current conservation. Results of the assessments can therefore aid in directing limited conservation resources to the species and populations that are most at-risk. This chapter introduces the roles of conservation status and threat assessments in informing conservation priorities for crop wild relatives in North America and provides an overview of the current results for US taxa. Methods to assess the conservation status and to perform threat assessments for North American crop wild relatives are well developed via NatureServe and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and the essential infrastructure to perform these analyses is present, at least in Canada and the US. Current conservation assessments for North American wild relatives need updating but already reveal a landscape of multiple complex threats and major gaps in the ex situ and in situ conservation of prioritized species. Further resources and concerted efforts are needed to update conservation assessments and then to use the results to inform efforts to fill the critical gaps in conservation

Campylobacter jejuni seroepidemiology in native chicken

Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for about 90% of cases of Campylobacteriosis in humans with gastroenteritis. Healthy chickens can carry Campylobacter spp. in the intestinal tract. Efforts to reduce exposure to Campylobacteriosis by humans may be enhanced by knowledge of its prevalence in poultry. This study aimed to identify factors associated with seropositive response to C. jejuni in native chickens in Mataram. Detection of C. jejuni was accomplished using an immunochromatographic serological method. Association between Campylobacter jejuni seropositive response as the dependent variable with various independent variables was analyzed using χ² (Chi square) and Odds Ratio (OR). A total of 216 chicken samples were examined and 44 chicken owners were interviewed and their farms examined. Results showed the prevalence of serological response to C. jejuni in chicken samples to be as high as 35.6% and that as many as 70.5% of farms had affected chickens. Age of the chicken was the variable most closely associated with incidence of seropositive response, birds older than 3 months more likely to be affected. Variables at the farm level associated with variation in seropositive response were cage type, cage floor material, and origin of drinking water, surface water sources being less desirable